Interestingly, the 5 and 2 in the names 10BASE5 and 10BASE2 represent the maximum cable length.
UTP cable needs two pairs of wires for 10BASE-T and 100BASE-TX and four pairs of wires for 1000BASE-T. This section focuses on the pinouts for two-pair wiring, with four-pair wiring covered next.
Also, Gigabit Ethernet transmits and receives on each of the four wire pairs simultaneously.
Multicast addresses: Multicast addresses are used to allow a subset of devices on a LAN to communicate. When IP multicasts over an Ethernet, the multicast MAC addresses used by IP follow this format: 0100.5exx.xxxx, where any value can be used in the last half of the address.
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